The combined oral contraceptive pill (often called “the pill”) is a popular and effective method of contraception. It contains two hormones – oestrogen and progestogen – which are similar to those produced naturally by the body.
Combined Pill | Contraception Choices
Different ways to take the combined pill (PDF)
How does the combined pill work?
The pill prevents pregnancy by:
- stopping ovulation (release of an egg)
- thickening cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach an egg
- thinning the lining of the womb
How effective is it?
- Over 99% effective when taken correctly
- Around 91% effective with typical use (when pills are missed)
How do I take the pill?
There are different types of combined pill, but most are taken:
- Once a day for 21 days, followed by a 7-day break, or
- Every day continuously, depending on the type prescribed
Your GP or nurse will explain how to take your specific pill.
When does it start working?
- If you start the pill on days 1–5 of your period → you are protected immediately
- If you start at any other time → use additional contraception (e.g. condoms) for 7 days
Advantages of the combined pill
- Highly effective when taken correctly
- Can make periods lighter, less painful, and more regular
- May improve acne
- Can help with symptoms of PMS
- May reduce the risk of ovarian, womb, and bowel cancer
Possible side effects
Some people may experience:
- Nausea
- Breast tenderness
- Headaches
- Mood changes
- Breakthrough bleeding (spotting), especially in the first few months
These often improve over time.
Risks and safety
The combined pill is safe for most people, but it is not suitable for everyone.
You may not be able to take it if you:
- Smoke and are aged 35 or over
- Have a history of blood clots (DVT/PE)
- Have certain types of migraine (with aura)
- Have high blood pressure
- Have a history of breast cancer
There is a small increased risk of blood clots when taking the combined pill. Your clinician will assess your individual risk.
Missed pills
If you miss a pill, follow the instructions in your pill packet or contact the practice for advice. You may need to:
- Take the missed pill as soon as possible
- Use additional contraception
Other important information
- The pill does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Some medications can make the pill less effective — always check with a pharmacist or GP
- Vomiting or severe diarrhoea can affect how well the pill works
Our services
We offer:
- Pill checks and reviews
- New prescriptions
- Advice on side effects or changing pills
All consultations are confidential.
When to seek advice urgently
Seek medical help if you develop:
- Severe chest pain or breathlessness
- Severe headache or vision problems
- Pain or swelling in your leg
These may be signs of a blood clot (rare but serious).
Book an appointment
- Call reception on 01273 249049
- Online via an e-consult